Survey of buildings and constructions = Technical inspection is a set of measures for monitoring, testing and evaluating the technical condition of capital construction objects, the conduct of which is caused by the necessity to determine the operating characteristics of structures, the expediency of reconstruction or repair, identify the causes of accidents and predict the state of the object.
Buildings and constructions are inspected:
- after detection of defects and damage that may worsen the condition of the object as a whole;
- after the upgrading, redevelopment of the object, which resulted in increased operational loads;
- in case of renovation or restoration of architectural monuments, when diagnostics and architectural measurements are required;
- in case of reconstruction of the premises;
- in case it is necessary to develop design documentation for the change of constructive solutions in the building;
- in case of overhauls;
- if the object falls into the zone of influence of a new construction or reconstruction;
- in case discrepancies are detected with the original design that reduce the carrying capacity and operational characteristics of the object;
- in the absence of design and executive documentation;
- after changing the functional purpose of the object’s structures;
- in the event of the resumption of construction of a facility that has not been preserved, or 3 years after the completion of construction with the use of conservation;
- if there were natural disasters, accidents, fires reducing the carrying capacity of structures;
- after expiration of the previous technical survey;
- before selling or buying an object;
- to determine the technical condition of the rented premises;
- to determine accessibility for people with limited mobility;
- to determine the fire safety of an object.
Technical inspection of buildings and constructions is carried out in two main stages:
- Stage 1: Preliminary technical study:
- visual examination of the object;
- taking measurements;
- study of project and executive documentation;
- carrying out verification calculations of individual structures;
- preliminary assessment of the state of the object;
- development of a work plan;
- preparation of an opinion on the results of the preliminary survey.
- Stage 2: Precise technical study:
- taking measurements;
- establishing parameters of defects and malfunctions of an object using tools;
- determination of the actual strength characteristics of materials of supporting structures;
- establishing the actual design diagram of the object and its individual structures;
- definition of the rated forces of the supporting structures subjected to loads during the operation of the object (survey of the building structures);
- determination of the carrying capacity of building elements;
- processing of the collected materials and calculation of the survey results;
- identifying the causes of defects and malfunctions;
- preparation of an official final document containing conclusions and recommendations aimed at maintaining the required values of strength and resistance to strain.
Statutory regulation in the field of technical inspection of buildings and constructions:
- SP 13-102-2003 “Rules for inspection of bearing structures of buildings and constructions”
- GOST R 53778-2010 “Buildings and constructions. Rules of inspection and monitoring of the technical condition»
- MDS 13-20.2004 “Complex methodology for inspection and energy audit of buildings under reconstruction. Design Guide”
- MRR 2.2.07-98 «Methodology of inspection of buildings and constructions during their reconstruction and redevelopment»
- Manual to MGSN 2.07-01 «Survey and monitoring during the construction and reconstruction of buildings and underground structures»
- and so forth
According to the results of the technical inspection of buildings and constructions, a conclusion is drawn up about the technical condition of the object, including test reports, graphic materials, recommendations for repair and restoration work, and customer problem solving — redevelopment, reconstruction, restoration of design documentation, etc.